Overview Of Skincare Industry India Marketing Essay

Overview Of Skincare Industry India Marketing Essay The preference of Indian consumers is changing from the merely functional products to the preferential products. The average annual spending of Indian consumers on cosmetics and toiletries in 2005 is just over US$3. The cosmetics and toiletries saw its value share rising from 27% in 1999 to 31% in 2005. This trend also continued after that with consistent increase in the share. The entry of many multinationals also fuelled the growth in the industry as foreign players focussed more on product innovation. It is seen that global companies after coming to India trying to explore the traditional skin care products in India. Indian consumers are increasingly looking to international personal care brands as lifestyle enhancement products which will create a sophisticated and upper class image. The total skin care market is estimated to be around Rs. 3,400 Cr. The total size of the Indian retail beauty and cosmetics market is currently estimated at $950 million.   The overall beauty and wellness market, which includes beauty services, is $2.68 billion.   The cosmetics market in India is growing twice as fast as that of the United States and European market. However, The skin care market is at a primary stage in India. The penetration level of this segment in India is around 20 per cent. The improvement of medical technology also fuels the growth of the market in India. Major companies active in this segment include Hindustan Lever; Godrej Soaps, Colgate-Palmolive, Marico, Dabur and Procter Gamble. The skin care market can be segregated into toners, cleansers, sunscreens, anti-wrinkle creams, dark circle removing creams, astringents, f acial creams, moisturizers, fairness creams, day and night-creams. The penetration level for both the urban and rural market is low. Many people still prefer to use traditional products to cure the skin More than 25% growth every year in the Skin Care Industry Facial skin care products have become an essential part of the beauty market Gradual Adoption of the western culture The chart below shows major players in the skin care industry and their respective market shares International Skin Care market The skin care industry worldwide is a 50 Billion Dollar plus business. Caring for the skin of people throughout the world is a popular business. It is a business where people are passionate about their work, because it matters. It matters to their families, to their communities, to their profession and the whole world. It is a business where unmet needs still abound and where people around the world are waiting for new and better solutions. The major product segments in the market are Face Care Products, Body Hand Care, and Depilatories, and, Sun Care Products. The sub product segments include Facial Moisturizers, Facial Cleansers, and Hand Body Lotions/Creams. At present there are about 889 companies in the international market including many key and niche players worldwide such as Amway Corp. Asian markets ( 2007 Euromonitor Report) Rank Country Skin Care Value per Capita Country %Growth 1 Japan 102 US $ Indonesia 26 2 Hong Kong 73 US $ China 16 3 Taiwan 58 US $ Vietnam 15 4 South Korea 57 US $ India 13 5 Singapore 41 US $ Singapore 10 6 Thailand 14 US $ Malaysia 10 7 Malaysia 10 US $ Thailand 9 8 Philippines 5 US $ Philipines 7 9 China 4 US $ Taiwan 5 10 Indonesia 1 US $ Hong Kong 4 11 Vietnam 1 US $ South Korea 4 12 India 1 US $ Japan 2 From the above table it is clear that, The people in India spent least amount of money on the skin care with respect to the other Asian countries, However India has shown a very rapid growth in the personal care segment with a growth of 13% and is ahead of 8 prominent Asian nations. That shows that India has a tremendous potential for growth. The chart mentioned below tells about the Per Capita Skin care product Consumption of the India in comparison to other Asian countries( The values are in US $). This There is a huge potential market for skin care products in India as compared to other Asian countries as Indian market is still to be explored. Percentage of Skin care products in total cosmetics products segments Skin Care: 16% approximately Hair Care: 16% approximately Bath and Shower products: 46% approximately Colour Cosmetics: 6% approximately Fragrances: 1% approximately Drivers of the Industry Growing worldwide wealth Changing consumer lifestyle Globalisation Celebrity endorsement increases consumers awareness and interest The total disposable income of the people in Asia is 21% of that of the world which is estimated to increase to a value of the 23%( Euro monitor Report) The major Skin Care Segments and their Drivers Strong Desire for the fair skin Drivers Asians beliefs White hides three ugly bits Fairer equals to upper class Stressful lifestyle Busy lifestyle resulting in less sleeping time Stress hormone sends the skins oil glands into overdrive Development and Outlook These beliefs and the strong desire for the skin whitening products led to the development of technology and evolution of new whitening products and formulations. The whitening creams are also produced for men. In recent years the fairness cream is combined with the anti-aging formulations which bring the satisfaction and feel good factor to the customer. Also with rise in work-stress and pollution people are more inclined to these products. Not only that, baby skin care products, sun protection products, bleach and facials also gained popularity among people. Anti Agers Drivers Growth in Aging Population Accelerated Aging Rising Pursuit of Agelessness Development and Outlook Target young consumers: Prevention better than cure Super-premium : From global to local brands Mass brands developments Cosmeceuticals : Collaboration between cosmetics and pharmaceutical company New technology and ingredient More regulated industry to ensure the safety of cosmeceuticals Facing strong competition from aesthetic beauty service industry Skin Care Applications Drivers Increased consumer knowledge on skin care application TV beauty programs educates consumers on different products benefits Technology advancement Skin care evolution thanks to technology and research Beauty web blogs to allow consumers to exchange ideas New Routine Cleansing Liquid Cleanser Lotion AC Essence Mask Emulsion Effector White Essence Cream Trends and development Usual Routine Cleanser Toner Moisturiser Development of more powerful products Consumers may outsource personal care and pay for spas and treatment India has the maximum growth in the resort/hotel spa( 107% growth annually in 2007) Natural and ethical products Drivers Massive awareness of health wellness Safety scares and recalls Consumers look for guarantee of authenticity Rising greensumerism Technology facilitate the development of more effective products Key Trends and Developments Edible, natural and herbal ingredients Environmentally friendly packaging New retail concepts Minerals and precious materials, including gold Packaging innovation: eco-friendly packaging Same consumer buying both high technology and natural products Emergence of at-home-make products Venture into other products, such as sun care Well-known designers and celebrities increase consumers knowledge on natural ethical products Men Skin Care Drivers Workplace: Pressure from competition in workplace led to the emergence of Metro sexual man Greater acceptance in developing nations Move to more advanced products Key trends and Development Stronger growth than skin care: In 2007, the Asian Skin Care Market has grown at a rate of 8%, where as the men skin care market has grown at a rate of 14%. Similarly projected growth in 2012 is 6%, whereas the growth of the men skin care segment is 8%. Moving away from 3 basic cleaning steps Macho-sexual vs metrosexual Increasing popularity of sportsmen Lower acceptance of mens colour cosmetics Main focus will still be skin care and other mens grooming products New technology Focusing on convenience Cosmetics surgery for men Getting popular in countries like Japan and South Korea Inhibitors of the Skin Care Industry Environmental Standards In 2003, Unilever, had been exposed by The Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) and Friends of the Earth in an article in the Observer newspaper today for sourcing talc illegally quarried by an Indian mining company. The mining company has also listed US multinationals, Johnson Johnson, Revlon and Avon among its clients. The quarrying not only destroys tiger habitats but also devastates the forest and watersheds vital for the well being of local people. This is one of the examples of how the environmental protection standards can affect the business in skin care industry. Laws Regulations of the government Cosmetics directly affect peoples life. Hence, the regulations for the cosmetics match to that of the drugs considering the sensitivity of the skin care cosmetic products and their possible side effects. The Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 is there to impose standards on the cosmetics manufacturing industries. Government import export taxes and regulations for the foreign companies also affect the skin care market. High end customers prefer MNC skin care products. Stringent government regulations are certainly inhibitors of the development of the skin care market in India. Trends Opportunities in India Growth in the young population (RBI report): Changing demographics in India 2/3rd Population below age of 35 Favourable Consumption Pattern: The share of private consumption for personal care products increases consistently over the years( Economic Survey 2009) Increase in Urbanization in India: The skin care products are not in the basic need category. Hence, the urban people whose basic needs are fulfilled are more inclined to these products and are potential customers to buy the skin care products. Urban Population in Millions Urban Population as a percentage of total population 1971 109 19.9 1981 160 23.3 1991 218 25.7 2001 285 27.8 Porters five forces analysis of International Skin Care Industry The manufacturing of skin care products is currently dominated by a small number of multinational corporations that originated in the early 20th century. The three largest skin care product companies in the world in terms of market share are Procter and Gamble, Loreal and Unilever. But they face stiff competition from the likes of Estee Lauder, Colgate Palmolive, Avon, Shisiedo, Johnson and Johnson, Beiersdorf. There are also a large number of local players within each market. In this analysis we will be analyzing the forces which affect the global skin care industry as a whole because many of the forces have similar effects across the world. Nature of Competition: The industry is a highly fragmented market, marked by the presence of a few companies with a global presence, which control a significantly larger share of the cosmetics market. The top 3 companies (LOreal, PG, and Estee Lauder) control around 35% of the share. The top 10 companies control nearly the 50% of the market. The rest of the market is distributed between small players who have a highly local presence. The industry is highly competitive due to the presence of a large no. of SMEs (France alone has over 850 firms with 10 employees or less). Another form of competition is from direct selling companies like Avon and Amway. The high end of the market is characterized by low volume, high product differentiation and large brand strength, which restricts the competition. While the low end market with limited differentiation allows opportunities for smaller companies to make their mark. Natural cosmetics in particular are rapidly gaining popularity and present an opportunity for SMEs and new entrants can compete against established giants. The industry is characterized by a high rate of product development and product obsolescence. Bargaining power of Buyers Due to the strong brand power of most of the large brands, buyer power of retailers and distributors is reduced as they must stock the most popular brands. But in operations where the retailers have a stronger position, markets where competition is intense, then buyer power increases. We can also analyze buyer power from the perspective of the end consumer because it is they who dictate the market trends. The customers do not always stick to one brand of makeup or perfume or any variant offered because the switching costs are very low. This means that buyer power is high and demand for favourable prices. Bargaining power of suppliers With global sales of nearly $300 billion in the cosmetic industry(2007 report), skin care products present one of the most complex global sourcing challenges. Much of the sourcing for the industry involves a fragile web of small, fragmented suppliers that must be linked together using a sophisticated and effective logistics technology. Suppliers are often small in scale compared to the largest manufacturers and consequently their power is reduced, but this countered by the fact that chemical producers gain revenues from a wide variety of sources, reducing their dependence on skin care product manufacturers. The trends seem to indicate similar conditions for the future. Overall, supplier power with respect to the cosmetic market is moderate. Threat of close substitutes: There are substitute products, but they are not fully developed in the Indian market as well as globally. There is a rise in popularity of the herbal and Ayurvedic products. People are more inclined to use skin care products that are made from natural herbs, rather than chemicals. Also some Ayurvedic medicines are believed to purify blood and bring good health to skin. The products made from chandan, haldi, rose water are used in villages to bring fairness in both girls and boys. These products are cheap and risk free. Hence , these products might act as substitutes to the skin care products produced by the companies. As the market of these herbal products is in the nascent stage, the threat from the substitute products is low. The same case is with the global skin care market. Threat from New Entrants Large firms generally have significant advantages over new entrants. Large firms scale economies allow them to compete more effectively on price, and invest in their own business; companies entering the market may find it difficult to compete. The brand strength of the major manufactures is considerable, which may negate much of the effect of low switching costs. New entrants may be able to start on a small scale, operating within a particular niche, such as make-up with anti-ageing components, for example, stressing natural ingredients. Hence, threat of new entrants is low. Barriers to Entry Product testing and research is both time-consuming and costly. New entrants also need to persuade stores to stock their products, and major retailers, aware of their importance in the distribution chain, may be unwilling to risk displacing existing brands for the sake of new ones. Substantial funds are needed to start up a business in this market, with capital required for investment in production, distribution, and also advertising which is crucial to success in the market. Hence, barrier to entry is high and needs high initial spending. Industry regulation: The companies are usually forced deal with strict regulations on issues like animal testing and environmental protection. Also cosmetic products have to face the highest level of scrutiny (almost the same level as pharmaceuticals) with regard to their safety levels. Strategy to be followed: They should try and target niche markets in the beginning and follow strategies like direct selling. Local penetration is required before moving for internationalization. Regulatory Landscape Current Indian cosmetic regulations are complex and there are multiple regulations under different regulatory bodies. There is a need to simplify the regulations and there is also a need to address the growing issue of spurious products and counterfeits. Indian cosmetic industry is mature and responsible enough to ensure safety quality of its products and the industry can take up joint responsibility with the Regulator for cosmetic regulations in India. European and ASEAN countries have adopted this model of self regulation successfully and the same is being suggested here in the Indian context. There is a negative list of ingredients which cant form a part of any cosmetic composition. There is also a restricted list of ingredients; such ingredients can be used only under specific concentration range in specific products and under specific conditions of pack declaration. In addition, there is a positive list of preservatives and UV filters thus restricting the choice of such ingredients and their concentrations. Cosmetic labeling is dictated by multiple regulations This includes Drug Cosmetics act, BIS packing norms and Standards of Weight Measures act. More recently, several amendments have been notified in the labeling clause of Drug and Cosmetic Act. Manufacturer is required to submit the relevant information pertaining to the formulation, raw materials used and their specifications, product quality specifications and safety data in support of the formulation. The information is reviewed by local (State) FDA and a cosmetic license is granted or otherwise. The clinical trial of the skin care products is also done to ensure safety for the consumers. Difference between Indian regulatory framework and the International regulatory framework for the skin care cosmetic products. EU ASEAN INDIA Legislative Document EU Cosmetic Directive ASEAN Cosmetic Directive Drugs Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules 1945 Labelling declarations: BIS product standards; PCRO Product classification Broader Cosmetic definition-definition includes secondary benefit; Broader Cosmetic definition-includes secondary benefit; Narrow Cosmetic definition-No secondary benefit allowed Cosmetic categories as illustrative lists yes yes No Claim Guidelines for regulation no yes No Value Chain Analysis The value chain for the cosmetic and skin care industry is as follows. The flow of channel from the supplier of the raw material to the retail shop is in accordance to the international generalized value chain. The analysis is also valid for the skin care products. Finished product Distributor Retail Raw material Supplier and DistributorNeutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Companies Raw Material Supplier for Skin Care Personal Care and Cosmetics Suppliers Media manufactures Chemicals Biological reagents Raw material supplier Preservative manufacturer Cosmetic Finished goods manufacturers; Salons; Department Stores; Dermatologist Office Finished Good Brand Owner CRO for finished goods and brand owner Gate Keepers Personal Care Council HUL In the skin care industry HUL is one of the major players having largest market share. Its famous brands in skin care are as follows Ponds : Global Brand, first mover to the country in 1947 Fair and Lovely : Patented formulation and is an Asian brand Lakhme Skin Care : This is brought from Tatas and is important for Salon business Aviation : Customized Skin Care solutions Vaseline : Monopoly in Indian Petro-jelly The personal product segment of HUL contributes to the 26% of the total revenue generated by the company. SWOT analysis of HUL Skin Care Strength The products have strong market reach. The soap brand LUX is available both in high price and low price variations. The skin cream brand fair Lovely has a very wide spread market. Strong Sales and Distribution Networks. Many variants of each product: Fair Lovely, Ayurvedic Fair Lovely, Fair lovely Anti marks Under a particular sub-brand, there is a huge diversified portfolio of products. For example, under Lakhme, there are almost all types of skin care products.( Anti aging, scrub, fairness, face wash, oil control etc) Both value and volume growth are ahead of the market Weakness The skin care products are mainly positioned as beauty products and are relevant to women. Though there is a huge opportunity to explore the products relevant to men, HUL has not much penetration to it. It is currently entering into the men skin care segment The sun screen, scrub and facial skin care products are not well developed till now and are not doing well compared to other skin care brands Premium products are not popular in rural Indias Opportunity Lakme Lever Private Limited (LLPL) commenced operations during the course of the year with the objective of achieving excellence in beauty services and with a view to create and nurture a service mindset. The Company launched the Lakme Studio, a premium salon format commencing with Delhi which has shown early signs of success. Similarly, Lakme Studio have also been recently rolled out in Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad and Bangalore. Liquid Body Wash is currently in growth stage. The HUL brands like Lakhme, Dove, Lux could produce products of these kind and capture the market Threat HUL skin care is at a maturity stage. The revenues may decline if constant innovation is not followed. Strong Internal competition: Competition between Lakhme Dove, Competition between Lux and Peers. External Competition and foreign players( Garnier, LOreal, Nivea etc) Brand Perception Brand Perception of the customers is mentioned is mentioned on the basis of perception about some specific brands like DOVE Fair and Lovely Fair Lovely Brand Perception: Customers believe that Fair Lovely ( Anti marks) is specially designed for skin with marks and spots. Fair Lovely with breakthrough Vita-Aloe Complex Lightens different kinds of marks in 4 weeks Gets visible fairness in 4 weeks Helps in preventing spots from coming back Ayurvedic Fair Lovely has extensively researched the fairness secrets of ancient Ayurveda and created a unique mix containing extracts of special Ayurvedic herbs. Its proven formula penetrates deep down your skin to give you a glowing fairness from within. Fair Lovely Ayurvedic contains Kumkumadi Tailam, an ancient fairness recipe of 16 precious Ayurvedic ingredients. Ayurvedic Fair Lovely Fairness Cream contains Nilopala Patanga. These Soothe relax skin cells, give a serene look. It also contains Chandana Ushira which reduce skin irritation, give long lasting cooling sensation. Marketing Strategy Adopted: Fair Lovely , apart from the fairness cream for girls entering into the men fairness segment and body lotion segment to increase its portfolio of products. Fair Lovely menz active is the product in this segment. Entering into Aurvedic segment, Fair Lovely is able to create a perception in the minds of the customer that its product is totally free from harmful chemicals and can bring a permanent change in the colour of the skin without any side effects as Ayurvedic products are without side effects. Fair Lovely, also in its advertisements creates a picture of woman which is unsuccessful and rejected everywhere because of her dark skin. Where as after using the product, she is able to regain her self respect and becomes successful. EMAMI Emami , a kolkata based company has been in the skin care products since the last 30 years and has sustained a good position in ayurvedic products. Products Boroplus Cream Fair and Handsome Boroplus Powder Navratna Cool Talc New Launched Products Boroplus Body Lotion Malai Kesar Cold Cream Marketing Mix Product Emamis products are mainly based on Ayurveda. The major skin care products are e.g.Fair and Handsome, Boroplus etc. Fair and Handsome continued its brand category dominance in the Middle East and the sub-continent; Boroplus maintained its dominance in India, Russia, Ukraine and Nepal. New products (Boroplus Winter Lotion and Emami Malai Kesar Soap) and new product variants (Navratna Oil) were launched. Price Emami has set the prices which are reachable to people of all economic status , and the products are available in wide variety of volumes e.g. Fair and handsome is available in SKUs of 7 ml, 12 ml, 30 ml and 60 ml. Place Emami has a good distribution network. The vast network includes over 4, 25,000 retail outlets, 2,800 distributors, 1,500 sub-distributors, 30 depots, six regional sales offices Promotion Emami invested Rs. 19,442 lac on advertisement and branding in 2009-10. Emamis products are endorsed by celebrities like Amitabh Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Kareena Kapoor, Mumbai Indians (Sachin Tendulkar, Harbhajan Singh, Zaheer Khan), Saurav Ganguly, Virendra Sehwag, Madhuri Dixit, Chiranjeevi, Surya, Sunny Deol and others SWOT Analysis Strength: Distribution Network- Emamis products are available in 4,25,000 Indian retail outlets and 65 countries. Strong reach in rural india Celebrity ambassadors- Emamis products are endorsed by celebrities like Amitabh Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan,Kareena Kapoor Advertisement Spent- Emami invested Rs. 19,442 lac on advertisement and branding in 2009-10 Advertising spend, as a proportion of the total revenues, was 18.7% in 2009-10 against 19.3% in 2008-09 Innovation- Emamis Fair and Handsome created mans fairness as new category of skincare products in India Fiscally Efficient- Nearly 56.1 % of Emamis revenue were derived from tax exempted locations in 2009-10 Certifications- Emamis quality credentials comprise respected certifications like cGMP, ISO 14000 and ISO 22000. Weekness: Inability to launch new products Major products based on Ayurved only Opportunities: The growing demand of beauty products provides a good opportunity. Emami can take advantage of already captured greater market share in the Fair and handsome and Boroplus products. Threats: A threat to the Emami is also the growing competition within the field of cosmetic brands. Due to the ongoing addition to the field of cosmetics, there is still the danger that other brands could surpass the profit. Another threat to the Company is the economic downturn that is quite evident in other countries. Such could thus hurt the possibility of higher profit for the company. Problems or delays in integration with Zandus distribution network, positioning and brand building may result in lower profit Fair and Handsome Cream Emami Fair Handsome is positioned as a product for male and portrays a strong male image. The colors used are silver, black and orange, which gives a strong macho look to the product. The pink colour is being avoided. The illustration on the cover page are before and after effects of the cream. It also contains a leaflet of information. This is to make sure that customer is well conversant with the instructions and is satisfied with the product. It was Launched in October 2005; first fairness cream for men in India Competitors- Fair Lovely Menz Active (Hindustan Unilever), Fair One Man (Elder Pharma, Shehnaz Hussain), Nivea for Men Whitening Cream (Nivea) and Set Wet Get Fair (Paras Pharma) Point of Difference- The unique five-power formula helps enhance skin fairness in just four weeks. The formula includes double-strength peptide complex, sunguard, anti-bacplus, stress buster and herbocool. Market Share- enjoys 84% market share in the Rs. 137 cr domestic mens fairness cream market Sales- Sales grew by 27% in 2009-10 Boroplus Antiseptic Cream Aniceptic and curative cream which is ideal for hard weather conditions and minor skin problems Competitors- The brands principal competitor is Boroline. During winters, the brand competes with other winter care products like cold creams, petroleum jelly and lotion etc. Pont of Difference- The presence of ayurvedic elements enhances medicinal and anti-septic features. Market Share- Boroplus accounts for around 74% market share of the Rs. 269-cr boro brand creams in India. Sales- Largest selling antiseptic cream not only in India but also in Ukraine, Russia and Nepal. Sales grew by 15% in FY 10 Boroplus Brand has been ranked 77th in the Brand Equity Zydus Wellness Ltd Segmentation: Everyuth is a brand of Zydus Wellness Ltd ,a pharmaceutical company which caters to a flexible market segment of woment aged between 18 to 35 years. They have a monthly income of Rs 10000 and above and they live in u

Bad Boys

Nick Stephens 4/3/13 Albritton Sociology 3255 Bad Boys Ann Arnett Ferguson’s book â€Å"Bad Boys† discusses the way educators and other people in the school systems, and society as a whole view black youth in today’s world. There are many stereotypes that are discussed and stigmas that stick with black children through their entire lives in Ferguson’s book. In order to prevent further damage to this part of our society the reader should take a long hard look at the problems brought forth by â€Å"Bad Boys†.One problem that Ferguson discusses in her book is adultification. According to her definition adultification is the idea that teachers and other adults see black children as willfully bad. Since they are seen in this light it creates an idea that black boys have adult motivations thus, making black boys seem like criminals instead of kids. Also, along the same lines, black girls are perceived as dangerously sexual. While this issue seems sort of ridiculous, these things actually happen in our public school system.While white children are seen as naturally naughty, essentially authority figures adopt the â€Å"boys will be boys† mentality when white boys get in trouble or act out, instead of issuing punishment equally to white children who act out. Ferguson states, â€Å"One the one hand children are assumed to be dissembling, devious, because they are more egocentric. On the other hand, there is an attribution of innocence to their wrongdoing. In both cases, this is understood to be a temporary condition, a stage prior to maturity. †(80)Another problem that Ferguson observes in her book is the two controlling images of black males in schools. She says, â€Å"Two cultural images stigmatize black males in the United States today: one represents him as a criminal, and the other depicts him as an endangered species. I found that both of these images were commonly invoked at Rosa Parks School for identifying, clas sifying, and making punishment decisions by the adults responsible for disciplining the kids. †(20) The way that black boys are seen creates a social hierarchy based solely on class.Ferguson is able, through her first-hand experience, to record instances that show these problems in action and give the reader insight to the problems that are being addressed. The image of black children being criminals is inherent to their development. If they are treated from a young age as criminals, they will eventually come to accept that as part of their social identity, leading them to actually commit crimes in the future. If they were treated equally then black children, especially males, may not be on a definite path into the heart of the criminal justice system by the time they are adults.Ferguson addresses another problem that has a severe effect on the psyche of young black boys in public schools. Teachers and administrators alike are guilty of assuming that these children are headed for a future of crime. They are labeled as unsalvageable and bound for jail. She uses the example, â€Å"There is a jail cell with your name on it† coming from the teacher to one of their students. This is damaging to the child’s development because it seemingly predetermines their fate. The punishing room that Ferguson discusses is primarily made up of black boys.The punishing room makes these boys truly believe that they are bad, and that since even their teachers and other superiors cannot see through this it tends to give the children a sense of identity as someone who is bad, and does not really count. With the punishing room the idea is solidified in the minds of these children, which is a problem. Ideally these troubled children should be worked with individually in order to get to the root of the reason that they are acting out in school. Ferguson says about the punishing room, â€Å"The child who gets in trouble is the norm. Identities and reputations are mad e and remade here.It is the space in the school in which everyone is like yourself-in trouble-and you are no longer different. † This quote gives the reader a visible reference of why some of these children, deemed unsalvageable by their teachers, may get into trouble on purpose so they have to go to this place where at least they are not alone. This leads into the idea of the importance of group identity. Ferguson explains the importance of group identity in her book by basically saying that kids need to feel like they fit it, and they will use whatever tools necessary in order to do so.This is all brought together by the idea of cultural capital. Ferguson explains that in the school system there is a hierarchy of the children, â€Å"The disciplinary techniques of the school actively produce social identities of â€Å"good†, â€Å"bad†, â€Å"gifted†, â€Å"having potential†, â€Å"troubled†, and â€Å"troublesome,† rather than ferre t them out and reveal them as they naturally exist. The importance of group identity is essential in the development of all children. It helps them to develop a sense of self, who they are, and who they want to be.The problem lies in the fact that children are becoming fine with the idea that they are â€Å"bad† and come to accept that as reality, which allows them to form that identity, in turn making them into bad kids, because the only way that they are able to fit in to the social atmosphere is by acting out and getting in trouble. The boys in Ferguson’s study use the importance of group identity, coping mechanisms in public, and classroom performance in tandem to secure their own personal identities. Most of the kids are not really that â€Å"bad† they often have extenuating circumstances outside of school that make school not seem important to them.They often feel secluded, which draws from the problem with adultification by their teachers and other superi ors. So by acting out in the classroom they get attention, even though it is negative attention, it is still attention. Through the eyes of the teachers it seems like they are just putting forth a poor classroom performance. They do not see the struggles that the children go through outside of school, which tends to directly have an impact on the way the handle themselves in social situations, craving the need to belong to some sort of group. So they turn to what is presented to them, being bad.In conclusion, there are many flaws with the education system in the United States. The processes in which black children are dealt with need to be reformed. The idea of adultification as defined by Ferguson is a serious issue that plagues schools, where even teachers who are conscious of this fall into the category of looking at black children as small adults, holding them to different standards than their white counterparts. They are still subject to the controlling images of black males as being criminals, and assuming that they are on the path to prison anyway, so what is the use. This is unacceptable.Different strategies in dealing with this problem should be implemented than the ones that the public school system has to offer at the present time. Through Ferguson’s first-hand accounts of what she observed during her time in Rosa Parks School the reader is painted a picture of the very real problems at hand. Most people outside of these schools do not even realize what is going on and that is a problem as well. By studying Ferguson’s work one can hope that in the near future there will be some sort of reconstruction of the schools in order to help prevent further damage and stigmatization to black children.

Chocolat Book Report Essay

Publishers: First Published in Great Britain in 1999 by Doubleplay, an imprint of Transworld Publishers, Black Swan edition published 2000, Black Swan edition reissued 2007 Chocolat is a 1999 novel by Joanne Harris. It tells the story of Vianne Rocher, a young single mother, who arrives in the French village of Lansquenet-sous-Tannes at the beginning of Lent with her six-year-old daughter, Anouk. Vianne opens a chocolate shop, La Celeste Praline, right opposite the village church, and throughout the traditional season self-denial Lent, proceeds to gently change the lives of the villagers who visit her chocolaterie with a combination of sympathy, determination and a little magic. This scandalizes the parish priest, Francis Reynaud, and his supporters who are convinced Vivian is evil. As tensions run high, the community is increasingly divided, and as Easter approaches, pitting the ritual of the Church against the indulgence of chocolate, Father Reynaud and Vianne Rocher face an inevitable battle I personally really loved the book; Joanne Harris really did a great job in creating an enticing plot with a bunch of strong and unique characters. My favorite is Anouk who although is only six years old brings such life to the book and manages to give a bit of light heartedness to points where the book can become heavy. This is a wonderful tale of family and magic and hope. It is not your typical romance and well worth the time. The book is a full of strong opinions and characters; Ms. Harris manages to capture your attention with her delicious descriptions and fast moving plot. There really is never a boring moment in this book, its fantastic for anyone who loves books that are thought provoking yet still enjoyable and fun. An Important moment in this book is when Vianne decides the hold the Easter Chocolate Festival. At this point in the book you begin to see the rivalry between Vianne and Father Francis Reynaud through the chocolates and the church. Although the rivalry mostly comes from Father Reynaud, Vianne can feel the dislike he has for her. Many of the town’s folk really began to divide at this point. We also began to see Reynaud began to go mad with his obsession for Vianne and the destroying of her chocolates. We see Reynaud change quite considerably throughout the book. Francis Reynaud, like any religious man in a small town, has a big influence on all the people of Lansquenet. He is quit oppressive with his views and tends to carry a very much holier than thou attitude towards his parish. At one point in the book he compares himself to a sheapard and how his flock need him â€Å"Sheep are not the docile, pleasant creatures of the pastoral idyll. Any countryman will tell you that. They are sly, occasionally vicious, and pathologically stupid. The lenient shepherd may find his flock unruly, defiant. I cannot afford to be lenient. † His suspicions begin with the arrival of Vianne and Anouk and his initial strategy is to try and befriend the enemy. He offers her help in repairing the bakery but she refuses politely, emphasizing that she has got it all under control. He hopes that people will realize that she should be evicted on their own in fear of tarnishing his reputation. His plan works at first as concerned mothers begin to forbid their children from spending time with Anouk, as she plants wild ideas in to their heads. Also business is not running very smoothly at the chocolate shop and Reynaud begins to believe that it is just a matter of time before they leave with the changing of the wind. We see him slowly began to grasp for desperation that he is right that Vianne is evil and that he is still better than all his parishioners. He reaches boiling point when madness and rage take over his mind and he breaks into La Celeste Praline the morning before Mass and gobbles down chocolate after over a month of fasting. His reputation is tarnished and respect vanished. He runs away and is never heard of again. Josephine Muscat first appears as a nervous introvert. She is quiet and slumps when she walks. She is gossiped about and pitied throughout Lansquenet, as the fact that her husband physically abuses her is one of the worst kept secrets around. She does not mutter a word about it and her thoughts are so cloudy that even Vianne, with all her power, fails to understand what lies in her head. With time, Josephine begins to talk to Vianne more and begins to spend more time in the chocolate shop. Vianne’s influence and advice eventually result in Josephine leaving her husband Paul and moving in with Vianne in the chocolate’s shop spare room. The more time she spends with Vianne, the more Josephine’s personality blossoms. She now walks with her head held high and has substituted her dark wardrobe for a new, more colorful one. She speaks with an audible, confident voice and can now look people in the eyes. A spark is felt between her and Roux as they indulge in conversation and become closer when she moves to the chocolate shop and he settles in Lansquenet. She even faces Paul one last time on her own. She is transformed from the average, abused housewife to the confident, independent female as the novel develops. Joanne Harris is a very descriptive writer, which you find quite early on in the book. Although she does use quite descriptive writing she does it very well and it transcends into beautiful pieces of writing that are hard to follow â€Å" We came on the wind of the carnival. A warm wind for February, laden with the hot greasy scents of frying pancakes and sausages and powdery-sweet waffles cooked on the to plate right there by the roadside with the confetti sleeting down collars and cuffs and rolling in the gutters like an idiot antidote to winter. Something really interesting about the author is that she mixes French with English. So while most of the book is English, songs, signs or names are still very much French. She also uses her chapters as a way to create a timeline for the book. At the begging of each chapter we receive a date allowing us to process where we are in the year. Joanne Harris is a popular British writer, who has written a total of fourteen books many of which w ere bestsellers. Joanne’s book Chocolat has been adapted into the Oscar nominated movie staring Johnny Depp and Juliette Binoche. She lives with her Husband and daughter in Yorkshire and her hobbies include â€Å" Mooching, lounging, strutting, strumming, priest-baiting and quite subversion. † She can speak both French and English and she was strongly influenced by Grimm’s’ Fairy Tales and the tales of Charles Perrault, as well as local folklore and Norse mythology. The cover for Chocolat I think it is very appropriate and gives you a successful looking into the plot before you even look into the book with the bright colours of Vianne’s clothes to the chocolate Easter eggs. By the time you finish the book you complete understand the symbolism of a woman sitting and holding a nest full of Easter Eggs. I think that this book would be suited to mostly older men and woman but it can defiantly appeal to young adults as well. Personally I think it would get to heavy for younger readers and not all would understand the issues brought up in the book. The book has been made into a movie starring Johnny Depp and Juliette Binoche, standing on its own the movie is absolutely fantastic a wonderful love story. Yet when compared along side the book it fails completely. Not only is the book completely different to the movie with a change of couples and villains but also with the plot line it just lacks the darkness found in the book. There is something captivating about the transition from Vianne’s thoughts to Father Reynaud’s and the slow build up of the plot through it. Also I hate the disregarded for the lesser characters in the movie half of the people in the book aren’t even mentioned in the movie! And although many of them don’t have huge significant roles they still help shape the story.

Use Of Business Research For Increasing Church Membership

Use of Business Research for Increasing Church Membership Joann Johnson University of Phoenix Abstract Every pastor and church congregation should be committed to a foundation that practices Evangelism. Pastors and leaders are compelled to bring the Gospel of Salvation through a relationship with our Lord and Savior (Merkel, S. (2013) The question that seems to arise are â€Å"As Christians, are we doing what we can in the manner that we should in attracting people to come and join us in worship and fellowship’ or â€Å"Are we causing others to turn away or drop out of the church indefinitely. In this paper, an attempt will be made to examine the advantage of business research and how it can help increase the membership and what†¦show more content†¦According to authors Cooper and Schindler, The Study Business research is the tools and process that is needed to lower the risk that may occur in decision making in Management. A business research inquiry is systematic and provides information that will help direct managerial decisions. A crucial aspect of any business venture is decision making. When an owner of a business is aware of his marketplace surroundings, he will be able to make decisions that are firm and have the ability to stand by them. A business owner will need to have an understanding that is complete with external factors that could possibly affect the owner’s business services, the products and overall business along with his or her business internal factors. The best solution for this dilemma is Business research. Business analysis is the systematic process of pulling together market data that is relevant, which is examined and arranged to draw the conclusions that are pertinent to your company. Essential information in these reports are in reference to the trends of the market, customer groups, and competitors demand segments and all of the marketplace key players. (Academia, (2015). Different types of technique methods and tools are used by various businesses for examination. These types and methods depend vastly on the research projects and the business owner’s particular requirements. Below are the basic types of examinations that firms around the world commonly use. (Academia, (2012).